Power Distribution¶
MICRORACK uses a standardized power distribution system to ensure all modules receive the correct voltages.
The Power Rails¶
The system relies on four power rails distributed through the breadboard:
| Rail | Voltage | Color | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| V12+ | +12V | Red | Positive supply for analog circuits |
| V5+ | +5V | — | Auxiliary supply for digital logic & LEDs |
| GND | 0V | Black | Common ground reference |
| V12- | -12V | Blue | Negative supply for bipolar signals |
Note: The V5+ rail is intended for powering digital logic and LED indicators only. Do not use it as a voltage reference — modules should derive local regulated supplies internally.
Current Limits¶
While breadboard rails are convenient, they have physical limits:
- Maximum per rail: 100 mA per individual power rail (per MICRORACK Specification)
- Voltage tolerance: ±10% on all power rails
- Ripple: Up to 200 mV peak-to-peak is acceptable
Typical Module Consumption¶
| Module | Power Consumption |
|---|---|
| mod-vco | 732 mW |
| mod-midi | 660 mW |
| mod-in-63 | 348 mW |
| mod-jacket | 24 mW |
Power Flow¶
Power flows from the Power Module through the breadboard rails. Each MICRORACK module acts as a "repeater," passing power from left to right through its power pins. This ensures continuous power distribution even across breadboard rail gaps.
Hot-Swap Considerations¶
MICRORACK modules are designed to tolerate hot-swapping, but transient voltage spikes may occur when inserting modules with power on. For best practice, power off before adding or removing modules.
Troubleshooting Power¶
- Dim LEDs: Too many modules on one rail, or underpowered supply.
- Noise/Whining: Check that your Power Module is firmly seated and you're using a quality regulated DC adapter.
- No Power: Verify power supply polarity and that the adapter meets voltage/current requirements.
Expanding Your System¶
One of the greatest strengths of MICRORACK is its scalability. You can start with a single breadboard and grow into a massive wall of sound.
Connecting Multiple Breadboards¶
To expand your system, you can physically connect multiple breadboards using their built-in interlocking tabs.
Power Rail Jumpers¶
To share power between breadboards, connect each power rail:
| Rail | From Board A | To Board B |
|---|---|---|
| V12+ | +12V rail | +12V rail |
| V5+ | +5V rail | +5V rail |
| GND | Ground rail | Ground rail |
| V12- | -12V rail | -12V rail |
Wire Gauge: Use short, thick jumper wires (22AWG or larger) to minimize voltage drop across long power runs.
Distributed Power¶
For very large systems (3+ breadboards), we recommend using a dedicated Power Module for every two breadboards to ensure voltage stability and prevent current overload on the rails.
Planning Your Expansion¶
| System Size | Breadboards | Power Modules | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Starter | 1 | 1 | Up to ~10 modules |
| Medium | 2 | 1 | Chain power rails |
| Large | 3-4 | 2 | One per 2 boards |
| Studio | 5+ | 3+ | Consider star grounding |